小麦异源细胞质效应的遗传学研究

GENETIC STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ALIEN CYTOPLASMS OF WHEAT

根据4种同核异质不育系在花粉碘染、游离氨基酸种类、败育期上的差异及其所配F_1恢复度的异同,4种胞质被分为3种类型:即S型和Y型、T型、SP型。S型和Y型胞质具有容易恢复且恢复度高的特点。S型细胞质对种子重表现出明显正效应,因而在三系育种中具直接利用价值。不育系与同核保持系在花药游离氨基酸上的最明显差异首推脯氨酸和天门冬胺,前者保持系远高于不育系,后者则相反。

Among the four allocytoplasmic male sterile lines of wheat (CMS), the comparative differences were found in the rate of kinds of aborted pollens, the pollen diameter, the period of the abortion, and bothe of the kinds and the amount of free amino acids in anthers. The diversity among the CMS seems to be proportional to the differences revealed by studying the restored rate of the F_1 hybrids (CMS×restoers), thus the four cytoplasms were classfied into the three types, which are both S and Y (T. 545 Spelta; T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense, King), T(T. fimopheevi), Sp (Ae. speltoides). The classification is corresponded to the phylogenetic system of the cytoplasm donors. The fact that nucleocytoplasmic exchange in T. aestivum produced the CMS suggests that there is cytoplasmic differentiation in the species. A remarkable difference between the CMS and their maintainer(B) was the contents of proline and asparagine, and the contents of in ploline the CMS were prominently higher than that of the B, while in asparagine it was converse. Compared with the T cytoplasm, the S cytoplasm was easy to be restored with higher restored rate of the AFl seeds with positire effect. Therefore, the cytoplasm may possess the practical value.