试论森林生态系统的耗散结构性质

ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM

本文运用耗散结构理论,探讨了森林生态系统的开放性、远离平衡态、非线性、突变现象、正反馈作用以及涨落的性质和特点。通过对内、外涨落的深入分类和理论分析,证明了涨落具有必然和偶然的双重性质,进而以森林季相变化为例,说明了涨落导致有序的条件。森林维护自然界生态平衡的作用是在内部自组织导致系统稳定的基础上实现的,从耗散结构看,这种稳定依赖于系统各类涨落之间的协调,无数微涨落积累而成的巨涨落可使系统发生突变而产生新的有序结构。

Adopting the theory on dissipative structure, the authors discussed the nature and characteristics of openingness, unbalance, nonlinearness, mutation, possitive feed—back and fluctuation of forest ecosystem. Through further classification and theoriticoanalysis, the fluctuations of forest ecosystem were proved to be both random and inevitable. The change of forest sensorial phase was taken as an example to display the condition on which fluctuation induced ordering. The role of forest ecosystem in maimtaining the ecological balance of natural environment is dependent on the inner system stability derived from self—organization. In the Ligrt of dissipative structure, Such an inner stability is decided by the combination of various fluctuations and many mild fluctuations could be accumulated to develop a great fluctuation and to cause system mutation that a new higher—level ordering struture would be created.