优质蛋白玉米农艺性状的遗传和相关性及其应用的研究

AN APPLICATION STUDY ON THE HEREDITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE

以10个优质蛋白玉米自交系为材料,按NC—Ⅱ设计,研究了10个农艺性状的遗传方差分量。结果表明:一般配合力方差占遗传方差的比重大于60％的性状有穗位高、单株叶数、穗行数、百粒重、穗粒重和产量;其余性状一般配合力方差占遗传方差的比重在48.01—58.99％之间变化。据(?)gca/(?)G和(?)gca/(?)P分析了不同性状选择和利用效果的差异,按从优至劣的顺序排列各性状得:百粒重>穗粒重>穗位高>单株叶数>穗行数>播种至抽丝天数>每株穗数>株高>产量>行粒数。本文还对相关性状的选择进行了讨论。

The components of genetic variance of 10 agronomic traits were studied here by using a partial diallel design of 10 opaque—2 maize inbred Iies (4 inbred lines as male parents, 6 inbred lines as female parents). The results indicated ahat the variance of GCA was shown to be more important than the variance of SCA of characters xuch as 100 kernel weight, yield, ear height, grain weight per ear, leaf number per plant and dernel rews. For the rest traits, the ratios _(gca)~2 to _G^2 were 48.01—58.99%. According to _(gca)~2/_G^2 and _(gca)~2/_G^2 of traits, further studies on the different effects of selection and utilization of various traits showed that 100 kernel weight>grain weight per ear>ear height>leaf number per plant>kernd rows>days seeding to silking>ears per plant>plant height>yield>kernels per row. The problem of the selection of correlated traits was also discussed in this paper.