海南开发与人口、资源、环境的矛盾及其对策

THE CONTRADICTIONS AMONG POPULATION, RESOURSES AND ENVIRONMENT AND THE POLICIES IN DEVELOPING HAINAN ISLAND

本文从历史过程剖析了海南开发与人口、资源、环境矛盾的演变,着重指出解放后开发失误引起的严重后果、应吸取的经验教训,并探讨了今后大特区开发中可能产生的新矛盾及其对策。

The contradictions among population, resources and environment, which began to take effect in modern times, is one striking problem in the development of Hainan Island. In spite of making great success in developing the rubber and tropical plants, the contradictions are becoming increasingly serious and acute because of bringing under cultivation excessively, substituting rubber trees for forest, taking grain as the key link and because of single-product economy, over-growth population and other mistakes of plundering management. They led to biological unbalance and obstructed its economy development and also have been the lesson in developing Hainan in the last thirty years. The contradictions will become complex and diverse in the future development and construction of the large Special Economic Zone which will emerge concretely as the relations between developing and protecting biological balance: planting tropical plants and grain in land use; population growth and food shortage; economy development and land limitation; using and keeping land; cutting and planting forest; suppling and needing of water resources and among industry, urban construction and environment protection, etc. These relationships should be coordinated from a point of integral and systematical view on the premise of keeping the biological balance. Guided by this idea, we should develop diversified economy greatly, taking tropical plants as the main part, develop livestock husbandary and aquatic products industry, enlarge and protect forest, control population growing, make great efforts to achive grain self-sufficiency, change current food structure, strictly control the use of land for industrial and urban construction, develop hydro-electricity and water power, protect environment against pollution and so on. On the base of those which motioned above, a stable, durable, versatile and open economy system should be set up in order to coordinate and unite the relationship among population, resources and environment in largescale development and creat necessary condition for the economic to stand up in the large Special Economic Zone.