云杉球果锈病病原菌的研究

Pathogen of Cone Rust on Spruce

云杉球果锈病菌属长循环型锈菌。春孢子、性孢子寄生在云杉球果鳞片上；夏孢子、冬孢子寄生在李属的野樱桃叶上。以冬孢子和锈孢子分别在各自寄主上越冬。春孢子在１０～２５℃均能萌发，２０℃萌发率最高；在相对湿度１００％条件下萌发率最高，８０％时停止萌发。春孢子萌发对营养也具选择性，在０．３％琼脂膜、ＰＤＡ＋野樱桃汁、野樱桃汁＋葡萄糖＋０．３％琼脂营养膜上均能萌发。为此，将四川西部云杉球果锈病菌鉴定为杉李盖痂锈菌。

The Thekopsora areolata (Fr) Magn. is a macrocyclic rust fungi. Aeciospores and pycniospores of pathogen emerge from the scales of spruce cone. Urediniospores and teliospores parasitizes the hypodermic cell of Prunus spp. leaves. The pathogen overwinters with teliospores on diseased leaves of Prunus spp. and with aeciospores on diseased cone-scale of spruce. The aeciospores can germinate under temperature of 10～25℃ and has the highest rate of germination under the condition of 10℃ temperature and 100% humidity. Aeciospore stoped germinating when the humidity decrease to 80%. Germination of aeciospores is the best at 3% water agar membrane. Here the pathogen of cone rust of spruce in sichuan is diagnosed as Thekopsora areolata (Fr) Magn..