铁路运输经营与管理所面临的体制创新和课题

System's Innovation and Relevant Issues in Railway Transport Management

铁路作为陆上交通工具在近代历史上一直在交通运输市场中占有垄断地位,对国家社会的发展起了不可代替的重要作用。随着社会经济和交通运输技术的发展,各种交通运输设施也逐步完善,交通运输市场中出现了相互竞争的局面。这种竞争使铁路在交通运输市场中的地位发生了巨大变化。因此,铁路运输的经营与管理也将由于市场和社会要求的变化而面临着革新。世界各国,特别是经济发达的国家,在对铁路的经营和管理上进行了多方面的体制改革,积累了正反两方面的经验和教训。本文从铁路运输的社会公共性和企业性的角度分析了经济发达国家的铁路改革状况,并对铁路未来所面临的体制创新和课题进行了初步探讨。

As a surface transport mode appearing earliest in modernizing society, railway was always in the dominance status of transport market from the beginning to the last 60’s, played an enormous role in socio-economy. With the development of socio-economy and transport technology, the infrastructure and relevant facilities of other modes have become completeness, and competitiveness of various modes in transport market has been formed, In the meantime, the status of railway has also been changed significantly. Therefore, the management and operation of railway have to face a system’s innovation according to the demand of market and society. In the world, especially in developed countries, railway’s management and operation have taken place many relevant reforms in many respects, and some experiences and lessons were accumulated. This paper introduces the situations of those countries in railway reform, and analyses how to deal with the public and private nature in railway transport. Based on this, some proposals and related issues in system’s innovation are described and discussed rudimentarily.