纪录与虚构——从尤里斯·伊文思的创作历程看纪录观念的嬗变

Documentary and Fiction:Documentary Concept's Development and Change with the Study of Joris Ivens's Filmography

在世界电影史上,尤里斯·伊文思同美国的罗伯特·弗拉哈迪、英国的约翰·格里尔逊和苏联的吉加·维尔托夫并称为“纪录电影之父”。但伊文思的创作理念与创作道路呈现出与其他几人迥然相异的自我特征。在几位大师中,伊文思的创作生涯最长,拍片范围最广,从20世纪的20年代直至80年代末,伊文思一直持续不断的地创作了一系列与时代脉搏同步的优秀作品,其中许多作品都成为当时纪录观念发展的代表作,最后一部作品《风的故事》甚至走在了纪录观念发展的前面。本文试图捕捉近70年来伊文思的创作轨迹与同时期世界纪录电影观念发展的同步性与相关性。同时,也尝试在进行大师研究的过程中,进而对“纪录真实”这一纪录片的基本观念进行系统研究。

In the world film history,Joris Ivens,Robert Flaherty,John Grierson,and Dziga Vertov are together entitled the name of 'Fathers of Documentary Film'.The producing per-spective and process of Joris Ivens,however,differentiate him from the rest with distinctive self-characteristics.Ivens,among the above-mentioned documentary film directors,enjoys the longest history and the broadest scopes of production.From the20's to the80's in the last century,Ivens was keeping on his continuous production of a series of excellent works throbbing with the pulse of the times,among which some were treated as the representa-tives of the development of documentary concepts at that time.A Tale of Wind,his last work,is even considered to have surpassed the development of documentary concepts