“《易林》几与《三百篇》并为四言诗矩矱”——钱钟书论《易林》述评

An account and comments on QIAN Zheng-Shu's views on Yi Lin

当代学人尊之“文化昆仑”的钱钟书先生,对汉代焦延寿《易林》给予诗学意义上的极高评价:称与《诗经》“并为四言诗之矩（?）”。《管锥编》立《焦氏易林》专题,论述《乾》、《坤》……《未济》等三十林,涉及林辞数百篇.先生慧眼独具,对所论及篇、句的文学价值,从“造境寓意”、“拟象变象”、“词令之妙”等方面作细致分析,纵横比较、中外沟通,使《易林》的文学意义凸显于两汉文学背景之上,亦为中国文学史之奇葩。但钱先生以“文本自足”观认为不必为《易林》姓焦姓崔“判儿猫之是非”,本文对此提出异议.

Mr. QIAN Zhong-shu, venerated as the Mont Kunlun of culture by modern literary scholars, had highly praised Yi Lin written by JIAO Yan-shou of the Han Dynasty in the sense of poetry: It could almost be respected, like the Book of Poetry, as a model formulating the four-character poem rules. In his writing of Guan Zui Bian, Mr. QIAN arranged a special subject of JIAOs Yi Lin and accounted 30 sets of the 64 hexagrams, relating hundreds of four-character lines of verses. Departing from the aspects of creating circumstances with metaphors, proposing and transforming images, wonderfulness of word-choice, and comparing vertically and horizontally, Mr. QIAN made a painstaking analysis on its literary value, making Yi Lin's literary sense outstanding on the literary background of the Han Dynasty. But Mr. QIAN, viewing 'Yi Lin from textual self-sufficiency', held that it was unnecessary to clarify whether the author of Yi Lin was JIAO Yan-shou or CUI Tuan. To this, this paper raised an objection.