过失犯的构成要件构造及其适用

The Making of Constitutive Requirements of Negligent Offence and Its Application

如何适用刑法对过失犯予以处罚,虽然在刑法理论上有各种不同学说,然而均缺乏从过失犯整体构成要件的角度进行思考。本文认为,过失犯的注意义务之未规定属于立法者未能详尽地描述出的犯罪行为构成要素,这样,根据条文对犯罪构成要件的规定还无法推断行为的违法性,还必须由法官对注意义务作出必要的补充判断,因此其在构成要件构造上属于开放性的。分析过失犯的构成要件构造是对过失犯理论研究领域的拓展,有利于我们明确过失犯的类型性意义,以提倡法官对超出立法技术限度的注意义务进行补充。过失犯注意义务之未规定不属于法律漏洞,对之应该采用狭义的法律解释方法适用之。

How to apply Criminal Law to punish negligent crime is a difficult problem. Although there are kinds of points about it, all of them don't research this question from the perspective of constitutive requirements. This essay believes the unregulated attention duty of these kinds of crimes is illegal element and can be confirmed by judge's supplementing. In another word, the structure of constitutive requirements of these crimes is open.This essay's point is helpful to understand type meaning of negligent crime and promote judges to apply them. The writer thinks because the unregulated attention duty isn't loophole in the law, the judge should apply the means of law interpretation.