论商法的传统与理性基础——历史传统与形式理性对民商分立的影响

Traditions and Rational Basis of Commercial Law

民法与商法构成了传统私法的整体 ,但是 ,民法与商法的分立或者合一争论此起彼伏。我们不仅要问 :民商分立是一个理性的选择 ,还是一个自然的历史过程 ?是科学的分类还是历史分类 ?即使是在今天西方许多学者呼吁建立民商合一的具有法典化传统的国家 ,也只是“雷声大而雨点小” ,象德国、法国这样的较早地拥有民法典的国家 ,民法与商法的合一也没有完成。理性与单纯的价值判断并不是推动民商合一的全部因素 ,更不是决定性因素 ,而历史与传统才是商法产生的基础 ,也是其存在的基础 ,也是民商分立的真正支持 ,也许正是历史与传统的因素真正阻碍着民商合一。

Commercial law and civil law compose of the traditional private law. Controversial opinions on separating or putting into one of the two laws have been going on and off time again. So we must ask that it is a natural historic process or a reasonable option, a scientific classification or a historical one? Even at present when many Western legal scholars call for setting up the unification of the two laws, countries such as Germany and France with historical tradition of civil code have not finished the unification. Ration and evaluation do not cover all the elements pushing the unification, let alone as deciding elements. It is history and tradition that are basis for the producing and existing of commercial law, and are the real support for the separation of the two. It is likely that the history and tradition that hinder the unification of the two laws.