中国核武器的发展与中苏关系的破裂(1954—1962)(连载一)

The Development of China's Nuclear Weapons and the Rupture of Sino-Soviet Relations (1954—1962)

近年来中国发展核武器的问题在中苏关系的演进中 ,特别是在中苏关系破裂中的作用引起学术界的重视。作者根据陆续出版和解密的中国和苏联方面的相关文献档案 ,对中国发展核武器的基本战略考虑、中国核武器的发展与中苏关系演进的互动关系、苏联政策的变化的动因以及此种变化对中苏关系破裂的影响进行深入分析 :认为中国核武器的发展与中苏关系的破裂是一个互动的过程。中国发展核武器在当时背景下 ,只能争取苏联的援助 ,苏联向中国提供发展核武器的技术 ,有其特殊历史背景。 1 958年下半年后 ,随着两国在意识形态、对时代和国际形势以及核武器的态度等问题产生重大分歧 ,这些事件直接或间接促使苏联停止援助中国发展核武器。这成为中苏关系破裂的重要标志 ,也成为日后中苏论战的一个重要论题。

In recent years scholars have focused on the role of China's nuclear weapons development in Sino\|Soviet relations,especially in the rupture in relations.The author analyzes several key issues using recently released archival materials from China and the former\|Soviet Union:China's basic strategic considerations in its nuclear weapons development program;the interaction between China's nuclear weapons development and Sino\|Soviet relations;the changes in the Soviet Union's policies towards China and their influence on the rupture.Developing nuclear weapons at that time,China could only seek help from the Soviet Union.The Soviet Union's technical assistance to China's nuclear weapons development had a special historical background.In the second half of 1958,as divisions appeared over ideology,assessments of the current era and international trends,they directly of indirectly forced a halt to Soviet assistance to China's nuclear weapons program.This in turn became an important turning point in Sino\|Soviet relations and an important theme in the controversy between them.