19世纪后期至20世纪初期美国城市政治改革

Reform Politics in Urban America from the Late-19^(th) to the Early 20^(th) Century

１９世纪后期美国城市的迅猛发展和城市政治体制的缺陷造成城市社会形势的严重恶化和腐败行为的泛滥，从而引发了城市政治改革运动的兴起。改革家虽然都出身于中上层阶级，但改革的方向有多种，改革的支持者也复杂多样。总体来说，城市政治改革的进行实现了城市政治体制的重大发展，增强了城市政府治理城市的能力，政治腐败也得到一定程度的遏制。

The deterioration of urban situation and the prevailing of corruptive activities caused by rapid urban growth and the municipal misgovernment gave rise to political reform movements in urban America. Although reformers all came from the middle and upper classes, the directions and supporters of reforms were various and complex. In overall, great developments had been made through reform movements, hence enhanced municipal government's governing abilities and in some degree deterred corruption.