“实证”观念与当代中国史学

Positivism and the Contemporary Chinese History

“实证”是当代中国史学进程中一个含义复杂的主题词，它既显示了当代中国史学一种富有成果的发展方向，又折射出其面临的种种问题与困境。20世纪80年代，对实证观念的批判确立了历史研究的“主体性”，开启了历史学研究范式的多元化；90年代，关于历史学“客观性”与“人文性”的争论，触及学科发展的内在动力问题，可能为当代中国历史学的新发展进一步提供观念前提。

As a subject word having various implications, “positivism” not only represents a fruitful direction of the contemporary Chinese history,but also reveals its many problems and predicaments. In the 1980s,the criticism of the positivism established the subjectivity of historical studies,and opened the diversity of patterns of historical studies. In the 1990s,the contention about historical “objectivity”and “humanism” touched the question of the inner motive power of development of historical studies. It may provide an ideological prerequisite for the new development of the contemporary Chinese history.