论中世纪西欧封建主义的政治结构

On The Feudal Political Structure in the Medieval Western Europe

西欧封建主义的政治结构随着中世纪中期封建主领地的世袭化进程而确立起来。 其主要特征是封建权利对公共权利的最大限度的排斥，领主和附庸间的私人契约取代了国家 的公共法律，公共权利沦为私下义务。由于领主-附庸间纵向阶梯型网络的破毁，西欧封建 国家的领土界限极为模糊，各国君主不仅对内无法实行统一的管理，对外也不能以主权者的 身份进行平等的交往。因此，在封建主义政治结构之下，中世纪西欧便不存在任何完整意义 上的“国际关系”。

The establishment of the feudal political structure in the medieval Western Eu rope was accompanied with the transitional process of feudal seigniors' manors t ransforming into hereditary estates.The main features of this institution includ e the following:the utmost exclusion of public rights by feudal rights;the subst itution of private contracts between seignior and appendage for public laws; and t he evolvement of public rights to private duties.Since the vertical hierarchical framework was destroyed,so the boundary lines among the Western European countr ies were rather ambiguous and unclear.The kings of Western European Kingdoms ca n neither impose an unitary internal administration nor communicate with others equally as sovereigns.Thus,under the condition of feudal political structure,there did not exist international relations in the real comprehensive meanings in the mediev al Western Europe.