论普通法上的禁止反言原则

On the Doctrine of Estoppel in Common Law

禁止反言是英美法系的一个十分重要的概念和原则 ,它源自衡平法。本文主要介绍了禁止反言在普通法上的四大类型———证据法上的禁止反言、衡平禁止反言、契约法上的禁止反言和所有权禁止反言 ,以及它们的适用条件。本文也阐明了禁止反言原则的意义 ,即 ,它的本质要求在于 ,不允许一方当事人通过违背其先前所作的允诺的行为而造成对另一方当事人权益的损害 ,一言以蔽之 ,当事人必须言行一致。

The doctrine of estoppel that stemmed from Equity Law is a very important conception and principle in Englo-American legal system.This paper expounds four types of the doctrine of estoppel,namely,estoppel in evidence law, equitable estoppel,estoppel in contract law and proprietary estoppel, and discusses their applicable conditions.This paper also shows the essence of the doctrine of estoppel that is the party's conduct of breaching his previous promise,which causes damage or loss of other party's right and interests, should be forbidden,in a short word,every party must keep his word in his bond.