从历史轨迹看“以史为鉴”的得失

The Success and Failure of "Drawing Lessons from the Past"from the Angle of Chinese History

“以史为鉴”是历史学被高度政治化的体现。结合中国古代史的发展轨迹做考察，就必须承认，“以史为鉴”可以导致两种不同的社会效用。正面效用，用作前车之鉴，直接导致了周、西汉、唐盛世的出现；负面效用，以防弊致弱的方式，影响到东汉、西晋、北宋等朝代的立制不良。对造成这两种不同效用的原因，应该正视和探讨。

Taking History as drawing lessons from the past is the highly politicization of History. By inverstigating Chinese history,it is recognizable that'drawing lessons from the past'may bring two opposite social effects. The one positive effect is caused by the way of taking lessons from the past,which directly resulted in the emergence of the prosperous societies of the Zhou .Western Han and Tang Dynasties. It's negative effect is caused by the way of preventing mistakes yet weakening themselves,which led to the false institutions and systems of the Eastern Han,Western Jin and Northern Song Daynasties. So,the two different social effects should be treated.