论历史学的客观性原则

On the Objective Principle of Historical Science

历史研究的客观性根据是现实批判的理性要求。它完全有别于古代史家所说的“直书”和“实录”。直书之所以不是客观性，就在于它本质上是一种等级性。与此相反，客观性的本质则在于其平等性。历史学之所以可能保持一种客观性原则，就在于它追求一种理想的境界。这一理想境界就是人性、自由与真理。历史学中的种种偏见可以借助人性、自由和真理来克服，同时，人性、自由和真理本身的偏见又可以被历史本身所克服。

The objective basis in the study of history is the rational requirement of realistic criticism, which is different from the view points such as 'Shilu'(authentic record) and 'Zhishu'(direct record) put forward by the historians majoring in ancient history. The reason why 'Zhishu' is not objective is that its intrinsic quali- ty belongs to hierachy. On the contrary, the basic principle of objectivity rests with its equality. The fact that history may maintain an objective principle lies in the fact that it is in pursuit of an ideal state which is in fact humanity, liberty and truth. The varieties of prejudices in historical studies can be overcome by means of humanity, liberty and truth, and moreover, the prejudices of humanity, liberty and truth may also be got rid of by history itself.