关于建设我国北方集装箱枢纽港问题的思考

THE PROBLEM ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONTAINER LOAD CENTER IN NORTH CHINA

集装箱运输是世界交通运输发展的趋势 ,在这一进程中 ,集装箱枢纽港与支线港的形成与分化日益明显 ,它是集装箱运输规模效益发展的必然结果。随着我国集装箱运量的增加 ,合量布局我国集装箱枢纽港和支线港的问题日益突出 ,目前 ,香港和上海作为我国南方和中部集装箱枢纽港的地位已确立 ,而北方形成了大连、青岛、天津三足鼎立格局 ,合理布局北方集装箱枢纽港是我国北方各省区社会经济发展的客观要求。文章深入分析了北方主要集装箱港口的现状和潜力 ,并提出了我国北方集装箱枢纽港未来的发展战略。

With the development of world economy,the container transportation is playing more important role in this world. The formation of container load center and lateral container port is the result of development of container transportation,for the transportation company must purse the economies of scale. The problem of container load center is becoming more important than the former because of the rapid development of Chinese economy. Two factors contribute to such situation:the first is rapid growth of external trade after 1978,the second is the change of structure of external trade,so the container transportation obtainer a rapid development in the past 20 years. However,how to distribute the container load center is a problem which should be solved quickly. In fact,Hongkong has become the container load center in south China. The center government has decided to construct Shanghai port,which will become another container load center in China. But in north of China,there are three main container ports:Dalian,Qingdao and Tianjin. The three ports have one same project,which is becoming the container load center in north of China. In theory,its only one port that can be achieved. However,the construction of container load center need magnitude investment,at the same time,it has a large venture. It is very hard to estimate the losing if there is some misplay in strategic decision making. It has no time to work out the problem that construct the container load center in north China. The article deeply analyzes the three main ports in north of China and points out that situation of main ports cant be changed in short time,however,in the long run,the Dalian port will become the container load center because of its location,port nature condition,management and formation of transportation network in north of China. At last,the author points out the center government shouldnt intervene the development of the three ports in the short time,but in the long run,the government should encourage its development in policy and capital if one port has some function of container load center avoiding extra competition.