廖鲁言与农业合作化

Liao Luyan and Agricultural Cooperativization

廖鲁言作为农村工作主要领导人之一 ,长期在农村工作的第一线主持工作。他根据农村的实际情况 ,探索总结出许多切合实际的经验 ,提出了许多适合中国国情的农业社会主义改造的主张。但毛泽东总认为廖的思想落后于农村及国内政治形势的发展 ,多次批评指责。廖鲁言竭力在中央的指示和农村的现状之间寻找平衡 ,在不违背中央精神的情况下 ,谨慎地执行切合农村实际的政策 ,并为此不懈努力 ,作出了重要贡献。但毛泽东过高估计农民走社会主义道路的积极性、急于改变农村生产关系的合作化政策 ,终于迫使他中断、放弃了正确的探索 ,被卷入“左”倾运动的浪潮。

As a deputy minister of the Ministry of Rural Work,Liao Luyan was one of the most important leaders of agricultural cooperativization from 1953 to 1956.This paper examines his ideas about,and influence on,cooperativization.It details Liao's role in working alongside Deng Zihui to correct Leftist ‘rash advance’ thinking,and it describes Liao's exchanges with Mao Zedong on this issue.It describes how in 1955 Mao criticized Deng and Liao for retarding cooperativization,and how Liao continued to press for a slower pace of cooperativization in 1956.The paper highlights how Liao attempted to balance his prudent proposals based on the realities of the countryside with his need to keep up with political trends,until the latter overwhelmed such efforts.