敦煌莫高窟北区出土西夏文文献初探

Tangut Literatures Discovered from the North Part of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves

敦煌莫高窟北区发现的西夏文文献涉及２７个洞窟，多为残片，但具有重要学术价值和文物价值。这些文献证明西夏的僧人们在北区众多生活洞窟中也留下了丰富的文化遗存。其文献品类很多，包括蒙书类书籍，社会文书，佛教、道教文献等，其中有的为国内独有，如《碎金》等；有的为世界仅存，如泥金写经、大型西夏文本印等。文献版本也多种多样，有写本，有印本，印本中又分刻本和活字本，活字本是世界上现存最早的活字印本，也是海内孤本。有的文献证明元代敦煌曾藏有一藏３６００余卷的西夏文刻本大藏经，为国内仅存，至为重要。

Since beginning of the 20th century, a certain number of the Tangut literatures were discovered in the north part of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves. Although most of them belong to fragments, it is wothy to give special attention. Besides manuscripts, the Tangut also has wood block and movable types from hard clay. Detailed descriptions are given to the important materials, such as civil documents (including contracts, account books etc.), dictionaries (including Sui - jin 碎金, San - jiu - za -zi三九杂字, and Fan - han - he - shi - zhang - zhong - zhu 蕃汉 合时掌中珠) and religious texts, including Buddhist and Daoist canons and others.