归义军时期敦煌县诸乡置废申论

Development of the Organization of Political Power in Dunhuang County during the Gui - yi - jun 归义军 Regime

归义军政权建立伊始，即恢复敦煌等十乡，取消悬泉、寿昌、从化三乡，新建赤心乡，形成十一乡建制，持续到张承奉时代。曹氏归义军初期，沿袭十一乡建制规模。到十世纪三十年代，归义军势力趋于鼎盛，建立通颊乡。但退浑是否设乡？尚缺乏直接材料。到曹元忠时期，则又反省通颊、玉关二乡，成十多建制，直到归义军政权覆灭。

In the beginning of the Gut - yi - jun 归义军 Regime which was established in 848, the organization of political power in Dunhuang was resume and eleven townships (township is a rural administrative unit under the county) were set up in Dunhung county, including Dunhuang, Mogao, Shensha, Longle, Yuguan, Hongchi, Hongrun, Xiaogu, Pingkang, Cihui, and chixin. Among them, the last one belongs to new olganization of political power, others were set up in the Tang Dynasty and were changed by the Tibetans when Dunhuang was occupied by them in 780s. Toward 930s, the Gut - yi - jun Regime became more strong, another new township, namely Tongjia (Mthong khyab, a tribe of the Tibetans) was established. After Cao Yuanzhong became ruler of Dunhuang, Tongjia (Mthong khyab) and Yuguan were dismantled.