从产权角度浅析自然垄断性行业的股份制改革——以铁路运输业为例

From property rights prospective to analysis the stocksystem reform of the natural monopoly industry——take the railway industry for example

铁路运输等自然垄断性行业,由于有规模经济和范围经济之利,因此国家允许其由一家或少数几家企业经营。但这些行业常常会以垄断高价或垄断低产损害消费者福利。这种局面是由政企不分的管理体制和剩余索取权的不可转让造成的。因此要改变之,就要在自然垄断性行业进行股份制改造,实现政企分开和剩余索取权的可转让,以此来引入激励机制,提高效率。

In the natural monopoly industry, such as railway, owing to the economies of scale and scope, the government permits these industries themselves to manage them. But they harm the customers' welfare by the monopoly-higher price and monopoly-little supply. It was attributed to the institution of government and firm integrated and not-exchangeable residual claimant right. So in order to improve it, we should introduce stock system into these industries, making the government and firm separated and the residual claimant right exchangeable. By doing so , we can enhance the incentive and efficiency