国外退耕实践及其对我国退耕工程实施的启示

Overseas Conversion of Farmland Back to Forest or Grassland and Its Enlighten- ment on Implementing of Farmland's Conversion Project in China

由于国情不同,国外的退耕具有多种目的,如缓解社会矛盾、解决粮食过剩、保护生物多样性、景观重建、减缓温室效应等。分析国外退耕实践可知,经济实力是退耕实施的基础,粮食赢余是退耕实施的保障;劳动力的转移为退耕提供了条件。此外,退耕还林的实施也在很大程度上得益于税收政策的改变。为使我国生态退耕得以顺利实施,必须一方面加强经济建设和粮食生产,为退耕实施奠定基础,另一方面要真正使退耕农户从土地上解脱出来,并通过推行税收、信贷等优惠政策,妥善安排退耕农户的生产生活。

Owing to the various situation, the conversion of farmland(back to forest or grassland) in foreign countries has various objectives, such as alleviating social contradiction, eliminating grain overstock, conserving biodiversity, reconstructing landscape, mitigating greenhouse effect, etc. Proceeding from analysis of the farmland's conversion abroad, we can make a conclusion that economic strength is the basis of this kind of farmland's conversion, the surplus of grain is the pledge and the shift of labor to towns or cities is the precondition. Furthermore, the success of the farmland's conversion benefits from the changes of revenue policies to a great extend. To put the Farmland's Conversion Project into effect in China, taking the experience of other countries and considering of China's specific situation, this research proposes two advises: on the one hand, the economic construction and grain production must be strengthened; on the other hand, the living of the farmers who convert their own cultivated land back to forest or grassland should be well arranged. The government may carry out a series of preferential policies about revenue and credit etc. to make those farmers live better.