限制行政权力的路径选择——“行政三分制”改革的宪政分析

The Chosen Way of the Restriction of Administrative Power——the constitutionalism analysis of reform of separation of administrative power

《深圳市深化行政管理体制改革试点方案》,是深圳“行政三分制”改革的替代方案。深圳市实行的行政改革,存在内在矛盾和缺陷。从宪法学角度看,要限制行政权力就必须从国家权力宏观角度选择限制行政权力的路径,即在人民代表大会制度框架内通过法律规范行政权力;通过创造“社会交往民主”的制度环境以实现人民主权;建立公共财政,为政府行政提供强有力的财力支持;通过听证、回避等具体的行政程序的设定和行政复议、行政诉讼等救济方式保护行政相对人的合法权益。

The experimental outline of Shenzhen city's deepening the reform of administrative management system is the substitute for Shenzhen city's administrative separation of powers,and it harbors contradictions and defects.In the eyes of constitutionalism,to restrict administrative power means to choose the way of restriction administrative power from the state power macroscopic view,to standardize administrative power through law within the system of People's Congress;To realize the sovereignty of the people by creating 'social contact democracy' system through to establish public budget in order to support the governmental administration financially;And to protect the administrative opposite people's rights by the systematic establishments of hearing,administrative reconsideration and procedure and so on are the purposes of the reform.