中国水资源管理的突出问题与对策

Serious Problems of China′s Water Resource Management and Countermeasures against Them

随着经济与社会的发展,围绕水资源使用发生的矛盾激化,冲突升级,水资源浪费严重,污染状况不断恶化,过量开发情况突出,监管乏力。加上缺乏利益补偿机制,上游、保护区和农业的节水积极性不高。为加强管理,必须完善水法,严格执法,同时进行水资源行政管理体制改革,实现统一管理,并且开源节流。要改革、完善水环境审查、监督、评价机制,加大整治力度;要建立利益补偿机制,保护流域农民及水源保护区的权益,并构建水资源的民主管理体制,推进管理的社会化。

With the development of economy and society, the contradictions on the use of water resource have been intensifying and the conflicts have been becoming violent. The waste and pollution of water resource have been becoming serious, and the supervision have been turning out to be weak. In addition, the enthusiasm about water saving in the upper reaches, the protection zone as well as in agriculture is not very high because of the lack of indemnification. In order to strengthen management, firstly, the water law must be perfected and strictly carried out. Secondly, the administration system should be reformed, the management works should be accumulated. Thirdly, the system of examination, supervision and appraisal to water environment should be reformed and perfected, more efforts in renovation should be made. Fourthly, water resource should be explored more and saving effort should be enhanced. Fifthly, indemnification mechanism on interests should be established protecting the rights and interests of farmers in drainage area and the protection zone of water source. Lastly, the democratic management system on water resource should also be set up, so as to promote socializations of the management.