山西省农业种植结构调整及产量趋势分析

Restructuring of Agricultural Cultivation and Analysis of Its Yield Tendency in Shanxi

通过分析山西省主要作物种植比例及其产量变化趋势,发现油料、蔬菜等经济作物种植比例显著上升;作为粮、饲兼用的玉米种植比例逐年上升;而支柱型粮食作物———小麦近年来种植比例逐年下降,这是一个严峻的粮食安全问题,在农业种植结构调整中必须遏制小麦播种面积下降的现象。主要作物单产量都在逐年提高,但由于受播种面积下降的影响,谷子、棉花总产量处于下降趋势,其余作物总产量都有不同程度的增长。这就要求以科学的发展观加大农业投资力度,扩大小麦播种面积,科学调整粮、经作物种植比例,合理配套农耕、灌溉技术,提高灌溉用水的利用效率,尽可能满足作物需水要求,以保障21世纪粮食安全及经济可持续发展。

In analysis of the main crops' cultivation ratio and the correspond yields,it was noticed that the ratioes for cash crops like oil and vegetable growing remarkably,the seed/feed corn increasing year by year;and important cereal wheat descreased year after year.It is a serious problem in food security and the descreaing of its cultivation area must be repressed in crop cultivation restructuring.It was also noticed that unit yield of the main crops in Shanxi showed a tendency of growth while their cultivation areas descreasing and the outputs of the other crops showed a tendency of growth at various degrees.To face such situation,investment in agriculture is necessary to expand wheat cultivation area,and to scientific restructuring for food and cash crops.In addition,proper cultivation and water conservancy technology systems are important to improve irrigation efficiency to meet crops' moisture requirement to guarantee food security in 21th century and to win a sustainable economic growth.