黄土高原日光温室黄瓜合理施肥用量及优化施肥模式研究

Optimum rates of fertilizers and optimization of fertilization models for greenhouse cucumber in the Loess Plateau

采用氮(N)、磷(P)和有机肥三因素五水平最优设计,在陕北黄土高原进行了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥用量及其肥效反应模式田间试验,求得日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥的肥效反应模式,并分析了N、P和有机肥对日光温室黄瓜产量的影响。研究表明:施用有机肥对日光温室黄瓜产量影响最大,N肥和P肥的影响相当;随着有机肥施肥量增加,黄瓜产量还在不断增加,N、P化肥在一定用量范围内有增产效果,用量继续增大时导致黄瓜产量降低。根据黄瓜N、P和有机肥的肥效反应模式,提出在黄瓜目标产量83000～88000kg/hm2之间的N、P和有机肥优化施肥方案:N肥用量809.2～1313.1kg/hm2,P肥用量(P2O5)583.1～978.6kg/hm2,有机肥用量64.0～151.3t/hm2;N∶P2O5为1∶0.72。

The field experiment about the optimum rates of applied fertilizers and the responding models of greenhouse cucumber to the fertilizers in the loess plateau coming across North Shaanxi province was carried out with the three-factor, five-level D-optimum repercussion layout for the use of N, P and organic fertilizers. In the experiment, the responding models of greenhouse cucumber to N, P and organic fertilizers were found out and the effects of N, P and organic fertilizers on greenhouse cucumber were explored. Of the three kinds of fertilizers, organic fertilizers had the strongest influence on the yield of greenhouse cucumber while P and N fertilizers had similar influences on the yield of greenhouse cucumber. With the rate of organic fertilizers rising up, the yield of greenhouse cucumber kept upward; P and N fertilizers increased the yield of greenhouse cucumber at the rates varying within certain limits beyond which, the yield would fall down. On the basis of the responding models of cucumber to N, P and organic fertilizers, an optimized fertilization plan of N, P and organic fertilizers, was put forward for the target yield of 83000～88000 kg/hm^2, was as follows: N fertilizer 809.2~1313.1 kg/hm^2, P 583.1～978.6 kg, organic fertilizer 64~151.3 t/hm^2 and 1 N∶0.72 P_2O_5.