从政治地理结构变化看边疆城市空间发展方向选——以哈尔滨为例

THE BORDER CITY'S SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION CHOICE FROM THE CHANGE OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY STRUCTURE——A CASE STUDY OF HARBIN CITY

城市空间发展方向选择是城市规划中的重要问题。本文引入政治地理学中的政治地理结构概念,以哈尔滨城市为例,对边疆城市空间发展方向选择的影响因素进行分析,发现:在特定时期,政治因素可能成为决定边疆城市空间发展方向选择的主导因素;但是,一旦政治地理结构趋于稳定,多因素的综合作用将显著上升,边疆城市空间发展选择应因时、因地制宜。

The choice of urban spatial development direction is the important aspect of urban development and planning. Commonly, before making a choice of urban spatial development direction, planners often analyze some factors just like nature, economics and transportation, and want to make a blue-print of urban spatial development direction, but analyzing from the aspect of political geography is infrequent. This article finds out that: Although the choice of urban spatial development direction about border city has been influenced by factors as mentioned before like nature, economy and transportation as other cities, it should be considered from national boundaries character, and political geography structure may become the most dominant aspect in some special period. The choice of urban spatial development direction of border city embodies the national strategy liability. But when the political geography structure comes to be stabilization, integrate effect of multifactor will arise remarkably. The choice of border city's spatial development direction should be adjusted to local conditions.From the example of Harbin city, we can clearly see the support of our point of view. City location, spatial structure and land use distribution of Harbin city can profoundly reflect different strategy purposes of different dominators. Accompanied by the change of political geography structure Harbin city's spatial development direction diverted. The beginning of liberation need Harbin city to support the liberation of all China, then the spatial development direction turned to the south of the city to establish some industry district to produce something that the liberation need. When the relationship between China and U. S. S. R. became worse, as a very important city of north-east China, Harbin city developed its land to south. It is clear that the change of political geography structure can lead to the change of Harbin's spatial development direction. When it comes to 21th century, many debates of choice of Harbin city's spatial development direction appears. we must consider multi-factor integrate affection, adjusting measures to Harbin city's conditions. It is not hard to find that in the future, Harbin city's spatial development direction should choose the south of the Songhuajiang River as the developing region. The north of the Songhuajiang region's development need more chances.