黄土沟壑区植被自我修复与物种多样性变化——以吴旗县为例

Natural Restoration of Vegetation and Dynamic Changes of Species Diversity in Gully Regions on Loess Plateau

以黄土高原典型沟壑区——吴旗县为例,通过对退耕或封禁后植被自然恢复过程及其物种多样性的调查分析,结果表明,在不同的空间立地条件下,植被的演替变化规律不同:阳坡与峁顶的植被演替趋向形成以长芒草为主的群落类型,而阴坡则形成以铁杆蒿和茭篙为主的群落类型。综合整个植被演替过程,形成这些群落类型需要20年左右的时间。随植被恢复演替,物种多样性大体经历了由高到低而后逐步恢复稳定的变化过程,与其它地带性植被(含森林)恢复过程中物种多样性的变化趋势基本相似。这些初步的研究结果表明生态自我修复在实践上是可行的,但要对规划和布局等提供更多依据,仍需进一步的深入研究。

Natural restoration of vegetation is an important approach to ecological restoration.The detailed investigation showed that the succession trend was quiet different under different site conditions.Stipa bungeana Trin dominated on south facing slopes and mountain tops while Artemisia Vestita Wall and A.giraldii Pamp dominated on the north facing slopes.The formation of these communities may take 20 years.The species biodiversity changed from high to low and then increased to stable state.This result is similar to other researches in other places.However the results prove that the self-restoration of vegetation can be successful in practice yet more efforts is needed in order to make a sound plan.