新疆南部巴楚地区干旱生境土壤放线菌的研究

Study on the soil actenomycete in droughty environment in the south of Xingjiang

采用常规方法研究了新疆南部巴楚地区特殊生境土壤放线菌区系、放线菌的拮抗性及耐盐性。结果表明:1供试土壤放线菌的数量与土壤有机质含量呈极显著相关,与土壤pH和全盐量无显著相关性;供试土壤放线菌区系较单一,以链霉菌属为主(占总数的91.8%),小单孢菌属极少;链霉菌可分11个类群,以灰褐类群为优势类群;土壤含盐量愈高,链霉菌属组成愈简单。2148株供试放线菌中,有69株菌对供试靶标菌有拮抗性,其中广谱性拮抗菌很少;有机质含量高的土壤中拮抗性菌株数量多;GA培养基上的拮抗菌多于SDSA培养基上的拮抗菌。3供试放线菌耐盐性较强,这与土壤的全盐量呈显著相关,盐质量浓度在50g/L时,有50%以上的放线菌长势强,盐质量浓度在100g/L时,放线菌长势都较弱;不同培养基上分离的放线菌的耐盐性不同,盐质量浓度为50g/L时,长势强的放线菌大多分离自SDSA培养基上。

In the paper,the population and composition,antagonistic activity and salt-resistance of the soil actinomycetes in special environment in the south of Xinjiang were studied by normal methods.The results indicated that:① The quantity of the soil actinomycetes was most closely related to the content of the organic matters in the tested soil,but not closely related to pH and salt content of the soil.The population of the actinomycetes was unitary,and the main actinomycetes were Streptomyces (91.8% to total quantity),while Micromonospora were rare.Streptomyces could be classified into 11 kinds and Griseofuscus was the dominant group.The more the salt content was,the simpler the population of Streptomyces was.② In 148 tested actinomycetes,69 actinomycetes were antagonistic to tested target microorganisms,but (among these) the widely antimicrobial actinomycetes were few.There were many antimicrobial actinomycetes in the soil full of organic matters.The antagonistic actinomycetes on GA were more than the ones on SDSA.③The salt-resistances of the tested actinomycetes were stronger,which was closely related to the soil salt content.When the salt quality concentration was 50 g/L,the growth status of more than 50% actinomycetes was well.The growth status of actinomycetes was weak when the salt quality concentration was 100 g/L.The salt-resistances of actinomycetes isolated from different culture medias were different.When the salt quality concentration was 50 g/L,the quantity of actinomycetes with good growth status on SDSA was more than the ones on GA.