奉节脐橙不同器官元素含量分布特征

The distribution and abundance of chemical elements in different parts of Navel orange in Fengjie County, China

对奉节脐橙果、叶、干、根中的必需大量元素 (N、K、Ca、Mg、P、S)、微量元素 (Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo)、有益元素 (Si、Co、F、Se、Ni、Sr)、有毒有害元素 (Hg、As、Cr、Cd、Pb、Sb、Bi)的分布特征进行分析 ,结果表明 :果、叶、干、根对各元素的吸收与富集特征具有明显的规律性 ,如叶、干、根中大量元素含量次序均为 Ca>N>K>Mg,叶、干、根中微量元素含量均有 Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Mo的规律 ,根、干、叶中有益微量元素含量次序均为 Si>Sr>F>Ni>Co>Se,叶、干、根中有毒有害元素含量次序均有 Pb>As>Sb >Hg的规律 ;在脐橙各器官中 ,叶是大量元素与有毒有害元素最富集的器官 ,根则是有益元素最富集的器官 ,有毒有害元素的 Cr、微量元素的 Mn、Fe、Mo也以根最为富集 ,干则是上述元素最不富集的器官 ,所有元素中 ,仅 Zn在干中最富集 ;大量元素 (除 N外 )、微量元素、有益元素在脐橙各器官的分配含量与地壳土壤背景值的分异含量趋势基本一致 ,土壤背景是这三类元素的主要控制因素。

The distribution and abundance of the common necessary-macroelements (N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S), microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo), helpful elements (Si, Co, F, Se, Ni, Sr), and toxic elements (Hg, As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Sb, Bi) in the fruit, leaf, trunk and root of Navel orange trees in Fengjie County, China were analyzed in the present study. The results indicated that the absorption and enrichment of these elements in the trees were showing the following patterns: Ca>N>K>Mg (macroelements), Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Mo (microelements), Si>Sr>F>Ni>Co> Se (helpful elements), and Pb>As>Sb>Hg (toxic elements) in the leaf, trunk and root. The amounts of common elements and toxic elements in the leaf were significantly more abundant than those in the other parts of Navel oranges. On the other hand, the helpful elements(Si, Co, F, Se, Ni, Sr), toxic element Cr, and microelements Mn, Fe, Mo were significantly richer in the root system; the amount of Zn was greatest in the trunk. The distribution and abundance of the common elements (except N), microelements, and helpful elements in the plant parts were consistent with those in the surface soils; they were controlled strictly by the background contents of the soil. The distribution of the toxic elements was influenced greatly by the crop cultivation and management practices of the farmers.