宏基因组克隆——微生物活性物质筛选的新途径

Metagenome Cloning—A New Approach for Novel Microbial Bioactive Compounds Discovery

在现有技术条件下自然界存在的微生物95%以上未能培养,采用传统的分离培养筛选的途径寻找新的微生物生物活性物质受到局限;宏基因组是特定小生境中全部微小生物遗传物质的总和,直接抽提环境样品中的总DNA,利用适宜的载体克隆到替代宿主细胞中构建宏基因组文库,通过外源基因赋予宿主细胞的新性状或基于某些已知DNA序列筛选,寻找新的生物活性物质或基因,极大地扩展了微生物资源的利用空间,增加了获得新的生物活性物质的机会。

It is reported that more than 95% microbe species non-cultured or un-cultured yet in now days by the traditional cultivation approach, which limits discovering novel bioactive compounds from microorganisms. ‘Metagenome’ is the genomes of the total microbiota found in nature. Metagenome libraries were constructed by directly extracting DNA from environmental sample and transforming to surrogate host. The libraries were screened for novel bioactive compounds or genes surrounding their synthase in different strategies of function-driven or sequence-driven. These have enormously amplified the space of microbial resource utilization and enhanced the opportunity of obtain novel bioactive compounds.