高速转子系统振动控制技术评述

REVIEW ON VIBRATION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-SPEED ROTOR SYSTEM

高速转子系统在正常工作过程中必须通过临界转速 ,此时由于不平衡质量的作用 ,转子系统会产生共振 ,导致强烈的振动。降低系统支承刚度以降低临界转速、增大支承阻尼 ,以减小振幅 ,这些措施可以抑制系统通过临界转速时的振动幅值和外传力。在振动被动控制技术中 ,常用弹性支承和挤压油膜阻尼器、金属橡胶减振器、高聚物复合材料减振结构等 ,降低系统支承刚度 ,增大支承阻尼 ,以减小系统振动 ;在主动控制技术中 ,通过主动控制挤压油膜阻尼器的参数 ,改变支承的刚度和阻尼的大小 ,以控制系统的振动 ;以及采用形状记忆合金调节器、电磁阻尼器、压电调节器等装置 ,来主动控制系统的振动。目前控制技术仍存在装置结构复杂、性能不稳定等问题 ,采用粘弹阻尼复合材料与滚动轴承钢外圈复合结构的一体化滚动轴承 。

When running normally, a high-speed rotor system must pass through critical speed domain, it may resonate and vibrate intensively because of lopsided mass. Lowering support stiffness can depress its vibration at the system critical speed while increasing support damping can decrease its swing, which are used to suppress the swing and outward force of a rotor system when passing through its critical speed. In passive vibration control, the new technology such as flexible support and squeeze film damper (SFD), metal-rubber-damper (MRD), or polymer-based composite structure has been achieved to suppress vibration. And in active vibration control, the stiffness and damping of support can be changed according to running status through active control over parameters of SFD. And shape memory alloy actuator, magnetic damper or piezoelectric actuator is used to actively control vibration of a rotor system. But till now, vibration control technology has been far from perfect and still has many disadvantages: device is complex, and performance is unstable, and property data scatter dramatically after assembled, and so on. Integrated structure of visco-elastic damping composite with steel-made outer ring of rolling bearing is a promising new technology to overcoming these disadvantages.