刺芹侧耳生长条件和栽培特性的研究

Studies on growth conditions and cultivation characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii

对刺芹侧耳〔Pleurotuseryngii(DC. exFr. )Quel〕生长条件与栽培特性进行了分析。结果表明:刺芹侧耳菌丝生长的适宜pH值为pH5~pH7,最适pH值为pH6;黑暗环境有利于菌丝生长,光照对菌丝生长具有抑制作用;菌丝生长适宜的碳源为可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖和蔗糖,适宜的氮源为蛋白胨和钼酸铵,葡萄糖和蛋白胨的适宜浓度分别为 50和 1g·L-1;在马铃薯黄豆粉培养基、黄豆粉玉米粉培养基和马铃薯蛋白胨培养基中可较好地形成菌丝球。采用液体菌种栽培,菌丝的生长速度比使用玉米固体菌种快,其中用马铃薯黄豆粉液体菌种栽培,菌丝生长最快;使用马铃薯蛋白胨液体菌种在木屑棉籽壳混合培养料中栽培,可获得菌柄长菌盖大的子实体,而且产量高。

The growth conditions and cultivation characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel were studied. The results indicated that the mycelia grew well in pH 5-pH 7 and the optimal pH value was pH 6. The mycelia grew better under darkness than under light,and light inhibited growth of the mycelia. The appropriate carbon sources were soluble starch,glucose and sucrose. The suitable nitrogen sources were peptone and ammonium molybdate. 50 g·L^(-1) glucose and 1 g·L^(-1) peptone were considered to be the optimum concentrations for the growth of the mycelia. The mycelial pellets grew well in potato-soybean powder medium, soybean powder-maize powder medium and potato-peptone medium. Using liquid spawns made the mycelia grow faster than using solid maize spawn.The mycelia grew faster when the potato-soybean powder liquid spawn was used. The fruitbodies with long stipe and big pileus were obtained and the yields were high when the potato-peptone liquid spawn was cultured in the mixed material of sawdust-cottonseed shell.