三江源地区生态系统服务功能与价值评估

Ecosystem services and its value evaluation of Sanjiangyuan Region

采用谢高地分类系统和评估方法分析了三江源地区生态系统结构和服务功能,并对其价值进行了评估。结果表明:三江源地区生态系统服务功能总价值为 3 377. 1×108 yuan·a-1。从生态系统类型来看,湿地、草地、森林、水体、荒漠和农田占其总价值的比例分别为 52. 91%、21. 97%、15. 23%、9. 17%、0. 67%和 0. 06%。从服务功能类型来看,主要是废物处理、水源涵养、气候调节、土壤形成与保护、生物多样性、娱乐文化、气体调节、原材料和食物生产,分别占其总价值的 23. 9%、21. 9%、19. 1%、10. 1%、8. 7%、6. 6%、6. 4%、2. 0% 和 1. 3%。说明三江源地区生态系统具有多种服务功能,保护其生态系统结构和功能对中国江河中下游地区生态环境安全和区域可持续发展都具有重要意义。

The ecosystem structure was analyzed and its services were assessed by categorizing system and valuating method of Xie Gao-di in Sanjiangyuan Region of China. The results indicate that the value of ecosystem services is 3 377.1×10^(8) yuan·a^(-1). The value of wetland, grassland, forest, water body, desert and farmland account for 52.91%, 21.97%, 15.23%, 9.17%, 0.67% and 0.06% of the total value respectively. The value of waste treatment, water conservation, climate regulation,soil formation and erosion control, biological diversity, recreation and culture, gas regulation, raw materials, and food production take up 23.9%, 21.9%, 19.1%, 10.1%, 8.7%, 6.6%, 6.4%, 2.0% and 1.3% of the total value respectively. The results show that there are many ecosystem services in Sanjiangyuan Region. It is important to protect its structure and function of ecosystem for safety of environment and sustainable development of middle and lower reaches of rivers in China.