汉代是一个文学自觉的时代

The Han Dynasty——An Era of Literary Consciousness

汉代,中国文学已进入了一个自觉的时代,它主要体现在以下几个方面:其一,是观念的自觉,社会主流意识能够清醒地认识到文学与非文学的界线;其二,是文体的自觉,作为艺文,为了赋予其审美功能,经典的创作使文学作品按类别具有了稳定的体裁格式上的要求;其三,是创作审美追求的自觉。由于社会有文学消费的需要,供需方都将焦点集中到文本审美这个供需点上,创作主体对文学审美特征有明确的认识,并在自己的创作中极力加以表现;其四,有一支专业的创作队伍;其五,产生了一批能表现时代精神并得以影响后世的经典性的作品;其六,学界有了对作家、作品的深入研究,并自发开展了文学批评活动;其七,主流社会对作家和作品有普遍的认同和尊重。

The Han Dynasty experienced an era of literary consciousness. In the first place, ideological consciousness was felt, for the social mainstreams became aware of the differences between literature and non-literature. Second, stylistic consciousness found its expression in which aesthetic functions and fixed patterns invite more and more attention. Third, creating subjects definitely realized the aesthetic properties of literature and strived to manifest them in their creations, which inevitably resulted in consciousness of aesthetic ideal. Fourth, the Han Dynasty witnessed the birth and development of professional literary creators. Fifth, it boasted a group of classical works that could embody the spirit of the very era. Sixth, literary works became the objects of social research and criticism, and thus conscious literary activities were able to enjoy their position of importance. Last but not least, both literary creators and creations were commonly acknowledged and highly respected.