民初知识分子对议会政治的反思与建构

The Intellectuals’ Reflection on and their Construction of theParliamentary Politics in the Early Republic of China

民国初年,面对议会政治的失败,知识分子在反思中进行了新的探索。大致表现出三种路向:第一是认为中西社会条件不同,代议制不适合中国;第二种主张用普选制、职业团体选举来改造代议制;第三种要用直接民权取代代议制。但民初政治发展的实际走向是从移植西方代议制转向由集权走向宪政的曲折道路。

In the early Republic of China,confronted with the failure of parliamentary politics,the intellectuals underwent a long way of exploration.They mainly formed three types of thought:Firstly,they thought the social conditions of Eastern world were different from those of Western countries,therefore,the Representative System did not suit China.Secondly,they proposed to employ General Election Policy & Professional Groups Election to remold the Pepresentative System.Thirdly,they suggested that People’ Direct Election should substitute for the Representative System.But the real developing trend of the early Republic of China’s politics was the process of transplanting the Western Representative System and then turning onto the road from centralization of state power to constitutional government.