察同察异求规律:比较史学的追求

Searching for Law Through Examining Similarities and Differences:The Goal of Comparative History

最早倡导比较史学的社会哲学家孔德和密尔以及被誉为比较史学名家的马克·布洛赫都认为,比较史学的功用在于察同察异求规律。然而,由于他们都未能找到决定历史进程的“首要因素”或“普遍原因”,终究未能实现探求规律的抱负。只有马克思主义历史唯物主义,才提供了实现这一抱负的根本途径。

August Comte and John S.Mill,the first two social philosophers to advocate comparate history,and Marc Bloch, a distinguished comparative historian, held that the goal of comparative history is searching for law through examining similarities and differences.However,because of their failures to discover the principal factor or universal cause,they could not realize their aspiration.The materialistic concepts of history point out the fundamental route to realize this aspiration.