从考古学文化的分布与传播看匈奴疆域的变迁

Changes in Xiongnu′s Territory as Judged by the Distribution and Spreading of Archaeological Culture

一个世纪以来,中外考古的巨大进展为我们广泛深入地研究匈奴历史的各重要课题提供了较为丰富的实物资料,也以无可辩驳的实证为我们重新勾画出历史上匈奴帝国在扩张、掠夺和迁徙过程中曾经留下的足迹,通过研究分析匈奴文化的分布范围、文化因素波及的地区和时间的前后关系,我们可以较为清晰地描绘出匈奴民族的起源、匈奴帝国统治的疆域、她征服的领地和附属部族的范围,以及各个不同阶段随着国力的消长,其疆域的变迁、文化侵入和传播势头的由强至弱、直至最终被更强势的文化所融合、同化的线索。

For one century, achievements in Chinese and foreign archaeology have offered abundant material information for our further and comprehensive research on Xiongnu history. And the sufficient evidence draw an outline of the expanding, plundering and migrating traces of Xiongnu Empire. By analyzing the distribution of Xiongnu's culture, the places where her cultural elements spread to, and the order of these different periods, we can portray the Xiongnu's national origin, her territory, and the range she conquered and her dependency reached. Furthermore, we can find a clue that with the change of her national power and territory, the invading and spreading tendency of Xiongnu's culture was from being strong to feeble, until it was fused and assimilated by other more powerful culture. With the decline of Xiongnu's domination, it is distinct that her culture was from expanding to shrinking.