中国农村生活能源利用与生物质能开发

Energy Consumption and Bio-Energy Development in Rural Areas of China

能源关系到政治稳定和经济发展。我国是农业大国,农村能源的现代化是我国实现全面小康的重要环节。当前,我国农村生活能源消费水平增长缓慢,能源消费结构滞后。消费特征表现为水平低、品位差;能源浪费严重;不合理的能源利用方式带来严重的生态环境问题。随着经济的发展,未来农村生活能源消费具有巨大的增长空间。生物质能是我国农村生活用能的主要组成部分,开发生物质能的现代化利用方式有利于提高农民生活水平、改善生态环境、缓解国家能源需求压力,因此应大力推广。目前我国生物质能的现代化利用方式已经走向成熟阶段,但仍存在着许多问题。本文认为,应该从能源政策与资金保障、建立并完善生物质资源市场、提高生物质能源转化技术等3个方面促进农村生物质能的开发利用。

Energy is tied with political and economic development closely. China is a big agriculture country, and the modernization of energy consumption in rural area is very important to agriculture production and farmers' life quality. Currently, a low increase rate and irrational energy structure are observed in rural energy consumption, which means great space of energy increase will exist in the future. Statistical data shows a low increase rate in China's rural energy consumption for non-production purpose. China's living energy consumption per capita in urban area appeared to be deceasing, while in rural area it kept a low and stable trend. But because urban population had a high increase rate in the past years, the increase rate of urban living energy consumption was 1.4% from 1988 to 2002,higher than rural living energy consumption that was only 0.06%. With construction of a well-off society, the energy consumption for non-production difference between urban and rural area will get narrowed, and the rural living energy consumption will increase. A forecast showed that, in 2010 the rural living energy will be 320Mtce, that is 2.2 times than in 2000. In 2050 it will be 490 Mtce, that is 3.4 times than in 2000. The great demand of rural living for energy certainly will aggravate the energy crisis that has been very serious. Now low level and bad quality of energy consumption are embodied, and a serious lavish exists there too. Consequently the ecological and environmental problems are brought out. Biomass is the main component of agricultural living energy, modern utilization of which will be helpful to increase farmer's life quality, improve the ecological environment, and alleviate the pressure of energy demand, so the application of modern biomass utilization should be encouraged. China's biomass technology is getting mature, but there are still some questions. We think that three methods should be used to promote the exploit and use: to enforce energy policy and capital input, to establish and improve biomass market, and to increase biomass technology.