资源的循环特征与循环经济政策

On Circulation Characteristics of Natural Resources and Policies of Circulation Economy

世界经济的持续增长带来的"资源危机"或"资源安全"问题,促使人们寻求资源集约型经济和循环经济的新理念。本文旨从对资源循环特征的分析出发,探讨了资源循环利用与资源产品链之间的相互关系,提出了资源流动、资源循环利用与循环经济理论的科学内涵,指出了发达国家政府实现循环经济的宏观调控政策和手段。作者认为资源之所以能够循环利用是由资源产品链特性所决定的,资源的循环利用具体表现为循环经济活动过程,并通过闭环的资源流动来实现,任何资源都不会成为废物无限期地积累在环境中,而总是处于特定的和永久的循环中,它们的存在形式却在不断地发生变化。资源循环利用是实现循环经济的最重要的手段之一,可以通过"3R"提高资源的利用效率。循环经济理念是基于资源开发技术的创新,是资源利用方式的一种变革。资源循环利用在循环经济活动中具体体现为产业、区域和社会三个重要层面。作者还建议制定和完善有利于资源循环利用的法律体系,优惠的资源再生和回收利用经济政策,充分发挥社会中介组织在资源循环利用方面的积极作用,鼓励社会公众广泛参与并以实际行动加入到资源循环利用活动中来。

The issues of resources crisis or resources security brought by continuous growth of the world economies urges the quest for a new idea of aggregate resources conservation and circulation economy. This paper starts with the analysis of circulation characteristics of natural resources and explores the mutual relationship between resources circulation utilization and resources product chain. It also brings forward the scientific connotation of resources flow, resources circulation utilization and circulation economy theory. Finally, some policies and measures of macro adjust and control for realizing circulation economy in developed countries are put forward. Author considers that the circulation utilization of all natural resources is determinate by their characteristics of resources product chains. There are some ways of steady resources product chains in various kinds of economic activities. The production process of social living materials and producing materials is both the transformation process of resources product chains and circulation of materials and energies as well, by ways of resources industrial conjunction. The circulation utilization of natural resources exists in different sectors of circulation economy by their closed loop of resources flow. Any resources could not become wastes and ever accumulate in the environment but flow in some special and perpetual circulations in changing ways. Author argues that resources circulation utilization is the foremost measure to realize the circulation economy and improve the efficiency of resources utilization by three-Rs (that is, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). It also is both the innovation of resources development technologies and the change of resources utilization manners in three fields of industries, regions and society. Author still suggests that it is of very importance to realize resources circulation utilization by establishing and perfecting its legal systems and favorable economic policies, fully playing the active role of social organizations and encouraging the public to widely participate in different activities of resources circulation.