中国电子废弃物循环利用产业化问题及其对策

Research on the E-Waste Circular Industry in China

电子信息技术产业已经成为我国发展最快的产业之一,由此产生的电子废弃物也快速增长,未来10年～20年将是电子废弃物增长的新高峰。中国电子废弃物循环利用产业发展仍存在许多亟待解决的问题,如电子废弃物处理产业投资不足、管理体制混乱、技术水平低、缺乏健全的产业政策体系、二手市场过大等。本文在分析中国电子废弃物现状及其循环利用产业存在问题的基础上提出如下对策建议:完善电子废弃物处理的法律法规体系;制定鼓励政策,促进电子废弃物循环利用产业化;推行"生产者延伸责任制"下的企业跟踪回收模式;引入市场竞争机制,实现电子废弃物循环利用产业的规模化和专业化;实施电子废弃物回收处理许可证制度;控制国外电子废弃物进入中国,整顿国内电子废弃物回收与处理市场;加强循环经济意识和电子废弃物回收利用的舆论宣传力度。可以预见,中国电子废弃物循环利用产业的发展将有效解决我国电子废弃物问题,对我国资源短缺问题也有着极大的缓解作用。

The Electronic&Electric industry has become one of the most rapidly developing industries in China, which leads to sharply increasing of the E-waste. A forecast shows there will be a new peak of the E-waste increasing in the coming 10～20 years. There are many urgent problems during the development of the E-waste circular industry in China, such as insufficient investment, disordered management system, and lagging technology, etc. All above problems hindered the development of E-waste circular industry. Based on the present status of E-waste and the problems existed in the circular industry, some countermeasures and advices on the development of E-waste circular industry can be put forward: 1) to perfect the legislation and law system of E-waster treatment; 2) to promote industrialization of the E-waste circular industry by making favourable policies; 3) to implement enterprise tracking recycle mode under 'the system of extended producer responsibility'; 4) to introduce mechanism of competition; 5) to implement the E-waste circle dealing permit system; 6) to control the E-waste from overseas; and 7) to enhance the public consciousness on the importance of E-waste circle industry development. It can be expected that China's E-waste problems and resources shortage can be softed if E-waste circular industry is developing rapidly and healthily.