烃类的有机(生物)与无机(非生物)来源——油气成因理论思考之二

The Organic (Biogenic) and Inorganic (Non-Biogenic) Sources of Hydrocarbons—Thought on Theory of Oil and Gas Formation

自然界烃类的大规模形成是有机—无机物质相互作用的结果。在烃类物质两大组成元素中 ,碳的来源多以有机质为主 ,特别是液态烃 ,而氢却有多种来源。有机氢来自有机质 ,无机氢主要来自同沉积水 ,还有深部挥发分中的氢 ,同沉积水中的氢则以多种途径进入烃类。本文从油田水的垂向演化及其与非油田水的对比、烃类物质的氢同位素组成及其与源岩沉积环境的关系、成烃加水与否的模拟实验 ,以及世界大型油气田分布与构造带的关系等方面 ,论述了烃类形成的有机与无机的相互作用 ,特别是烃类中氢的无机来源的本质 ,并对氢的来源及其加氢作用机制进行了分析 ,对油气形成理论的完善和在油气勘探中的应用有一定参考价值。

The massive formation of hydrocarbons in nature is the result of the interaction between organic and inorganic materials. Of the two main elements composing hydrocarbon materials, carbon mainly originates from organic matter, especially in liquid hydrocarbons, while hydrogen has several sources. Organic hydrogen originates from organic matter, inorganic hydrogen mainly originates from connate water and there exist several ways to combine into hydrocarbons, and the other hydrogen originates from volatile gases from the deep earth. In this paper, the interaction between organic and inorganic materials in hydrocarbon formation was discussed by analyzing the vertical evolution of oilfield water and comparing oilfield water with non oilfield water, analyzing relationship between hydrogen isotopic composition of hydrocarbon materials and the depositional environment of source rocks, contrasting the results of hydrocarbon generating pyrolysises with or without addition of external water, and analyzing relationship between the distribution of large oil and gas fields of the world and the structural zone. Special attention was paid on the essence of inorganic sources of hydrogen in hydrocarbons. The sources of hydrogen and the mechanism of the function of hydrogen addition were also analyzed. It is valuable for improving the theory of oil and gas formation and applying in the exploration of oil and gas.