领先型R&D战略和追赶型R&D战略的比较研究——基于对美国和日本经济发展的分析

Comparative Study on Pioneering R&D Strategy and Pursuing R&D Strategy——Analysis Based on American and Japanese Economic Development

上世纪60年代到90年代，美国和日本分别执行了领先型研发战略和追赶型研发战略。本文通过对美日两国经济发展的分析，论证了研发战略的选择上存在一定的路径依赖。本文认为，研发资金在美国和日本企业中的不同投向一定意义上形成了它们各自不同的核心能力，即美国公司拥有以占领高技术平台和开拓新市场为主的能力，而日本公司拥有以低成本和差异化为主的能力。本文最后得出结论，美国公司大多注重提高动态效率，采取进攻性战略，由此维持了持久的竞争优势。日本公司大多重在提高静态效率，采取防御性战略，最终失去了领先地位，并对产业经济造成消极影响。

During 1950's to 1990's America had performed Pioneering R&D strategy while Japan hadperformed pursuing R&D strategy.Through analysis of the economic development in America and Japan,this paper discusses the“path dependence”in the choice of R&D strategy.The authors think that thedifferences on R&D capital devotion between American corporations and Japanese corporations have shapedtheir different core capabilities:i.e.American focus on high tech and market developing,Japaneseconcentration on low cost and diversification.The author finally come to the conclusion that Americancorporations heightened their dynamic efficiency through aggression strategy,thus maintaining competitionadvantage.On the contrary Japanese corporations heightened static efficiency through recovery stratagem,atlast lost their leading place,and inflicted negative influence on their industry economy.