论先秦“诗教”传统的起源与兴衰

Study on the Origin,Rise and Fall of“The Poem Moralization”Tradition in Pre-Qin

“诗教说”的提出虽然较晚，但“以诗为教”的传统却几乎始于中华文明的草创时期。夏商周三代，“诗教”传统一脉相承，并且成为国家礼乐制度的重要组成部分。春秋时期，随着国家礼乐制度的解体，诗教传统亦盛极而衰，并开始了由官学诗教时代向私学诗教时代的转变。孔子的历史性贡献在于继承并捍卫西周春秋初期以来的“诗教”传统，恢复并进一步突出了《诗三百》在礼乐教化制度体系中的核心地位，为后代儒家特别是汉代“诗教”理论的形成与发展奠定了基础。

Although the theory of“poem moralization”was put forward later,but the tradition that takespoem as way of moralization almost began from the start of the Chinese civilization.In Xia,Shang and Zhoudynasties,the tradition came down in one continuous line,and had become the important components of thenational ceremony system.In the Spring and Autumn Period,the poem moralization tradition declined fromthe summit with the disintegration of ceremony system,and“the poem moralization”period started tochange from that of public school to that of private school.The historic contribution of the Confucius consistsin inheriting and defending“the poem moralization”tradition that lasted from the West Zhou dynasty and theinitial stages of the Spring and Autumn Period,restoring and giving prominence to the core position ofclassics of poetry in the ceremony system,establishing the foundation of the formation and development of“the poem moralization”theory in the Confucianism,especially in Han Dynasty.