社区共管:我国自然保护区社区工作方式的转变(英文)

Co-management: transformation of community affair model in Chinese nature reserves

本文分析了社区共管在我国自然保护区建立与规划过程中的应用,指出了目前我国自然保护区参与式社区共管的两种模式,即自然保护区与当地政府形成统一部门进行的联合管理和保护区与其周边社区结合进行社区共管。分析了共管过程的一般内容与步骤,指明了我国自然保护区社区共管潜在的发展方向。我国自1956年第一个自然保护区建立始,到目前已经取得了长足的进展。但是,保护区与周边社区、自然资源保护与利用之间存在的矛盾表明传统的社区工作模式在某种程度上不适合目前我国自然保护区的发展。因此需要一个更为经济、易于操作、可持续发展的社区工作模式。近年来一些国际保护组织在我国开展的自然保护区项目表明社区共管是解决上述矛盾、提高自然保护区管理的一种有效途径。

This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.