鸡与鹌鹑属间杂交试验及其mtDNA遗传多态分析

Studies on the Cross Experiment and the mt DNA Genetic Polymorphism in Chicken—Quail Hybrids

通过人工授精,进行了鸡与鹌鹑的属间远缘杂交试验,成功地获得了蛋鸡与鹌鹑和乌鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交种,并证实杂交后代均表现出杂交子一代单性不育———雌性不育,且不育的程度比较大,即在雌性胚胎发育的早期细胞分化活动就得以终止。为了进一步研究远缘杂交中细胞质的遗传效应,从鸡、鹌鹑和它们的杂交种的脏器中提取线粒体DNA,发现杂交种与其母本的mtDNA大小完全一致(16 9kb),而与其父本明显不同。利用9种限制性内切酶对鸡、鹌鹑及其属间杂交种(蛋鸡♂×鹌鹑♀)的mtDNA进行了RFLP分析,结果表明属间杂交种具有与母本相同的限制型单倍型,证明在鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交中mtDNA遵循母性遗传规律。

The hybrid experiment has been proceeded between chicken and quail through the artificial insemination. The hybrids of layer(♂)—quail(♀), black-bone chicken(♂)—quail(♀) were gained successfully .The experiment indicated that the hybrids expressed strongly crossing sterility—early female embryo death,that is to say the differentiations of early cell stopped in female embryo. In order to study the genetic rule of cytoplasm in distance hybridization,the isolation of mitochondrial DNA from different viscera were largely founded in chicken,black—bone chicken,quail and their hybrids.The results showed that the intranuclear genome of hybrid and female parent appeared highly uniformity on mtDNA size, but different from their male. This paper analysized nine restriction endonuclease were applied to restriction fragment in mtDNA of chicken, black-bone chicken, quail and hybrids. The results indicated the hybrids have the same mtDNA haplotypes as their parent. This approved that maternal inheritance of mtDNA exist in chicken—quail interliner hybridization.