人的存在的历史性及其现代境遇(上)——对马克思关于人的存在思想的重新解读

Assistance of Human Being:Historicity and Modern Living Environment

本文认为,现代性问题归根到底是现代人的生存境遇和命运问题,要理解这个问题的性质 并找到解决的途径,我们特别需要重新解读马克思关于人的存在的矛盾性及其历史向度的思想。文章循着 马克思的思想历程,考察了他对西方历史上有关人和世界二重化的思想资源的批判性继承、创造性转换和 发展,重点论述了以下四方面的问题,一是马克思如何基于人的感性对象性活动,重新看待人及其生活世 界的二重化和人的内外部相互关系的;二是马克思如何敞开了人类的历史性存在,历史和历史性的真正含 义和重要意义是什么;三是马克思如何依据关于人的存在的历史性思想,揭示现代资本主义社会的内在矛 盾和现代人的命运的;四是通过对马克思的“物质生产的此岸”与“彼岸”以及对古希腊文化永恒意义的 礼赞,揭示了马克思思想中未被人们重视的另一向度。文章认为,深刻领会马克思关于人的存在的历史性 思想及其理论可能性,并给予开掘和拓展,对于在当今全球化背景下明确我们自己的发展道路和人类前景, 具有极为重要和迫切的意义。

In the final analysis, the problem of modernity is about the existence circumstances and destiny of human at the modern times. To understand the nature of this problem and find the corresponding solution, we must reinterpret the thought of K. Marx on the contradiction of human existence and its historical dimension. This article focuses on four problems.(1) How did Marx treat,on the basis of human's sensible and objectifying activities, human and the relationships between the duality of human's life world and human's interiority/exteriority afresh? (2) How did Marx open up the historical existence of human? What are the true meanings and significance of history and historicalness? (3) How did Marx unveil the inherent contradiction in the modern capitalist society and the destiny of human in the modern time according to the historicalness of human existence? (4) Another unrecognized dimension in the thought of Marx is revealed through the interpretation of the Here and the Beyong of‘material production’mentioned by Marx as well as his presentation of the ancient Greek culture.