新生儿呼吸暂停的观察和护理

目的探讨新生儿在睡眠、醒觉安静、哭闹和哺乳状态下的呼吸暂停情况。方法选取36例成熟儿和30例使用氨茶碱的未成熟儿作为观察对象。用新生儿多功能监护仪连续监护、记录66例新生儿在不同状态下的呼吸暂停次数,并计算出呼吸暂停指数和出现病理性呼吸暂停的发生率。结果成熟儿在哺乳、哭闹、睡眠和醒觉安静时呼吸暂停指数分别为4.4±3.9、3.7±2.7、3.3±2.9和2.9±2.6;未成熟儿分别为3.7±2.6、2.4±1.9、3.3±3.0和1.7±0.9;在醒觉安静和睡眠时出现病理性呼吸暂停的比例,足月儿为11.1%和33.3%,未成熟儿为0和28.6%;新生儿在哺乳和哭闹时出现病理性呼吸暂停的发生率约为安静时的2倍。结论在新生儿护理工作中,要以高度的责任心,密切观察患儿呼吸情况,对新生儿呼吸暂停的情况,做到早发现、快处理,以保证新生儿的生命安全。

Objective To investigate the apnea of hospitalized neonates under the states of sleeping, awake quiet, crying and being nursed. Methods The apnea of 66 hospitalized neonates under different states was monitored with HRSb,IE infant monitor, and the apnea index (AI) were calculated. Results The apnea index of mature infants under the states of being nursed, crying, sleeping, and awake quite were 4.4±3.9, 3.7±2.7, 3.3±2.9 and 2.9±2.6 respectively. The corresponding apnea index of premature infants were 3.7±2.6, 2.4±1.9, 3.3±3.0 and 1.7±0.9 respectively. When the neonates were awake quite and sleeping, the percentages of pathological apnea were 11.1% and 33.3% in mature infants group. The corresponding percentages were 0% and 28.6% in premature infants group. The incidence of pathological apnea under the state of being nursed and crying were twice as high as that under the state of quietness. Conclusion To guarantee the safety of infants, it is important to observe the respiration of infants, find out and treat apnea as early as possible.