精神科住院患者低血钾情况分析及护理

Analysis of hypokalemia of inpatients with mental diseases

目的了解精神科住院患者低血钾的发生情况,总结降低住院精神患者低钾发生的方法。方法采用回顾性调查方法,查阅2002年9月～2003年9月在精神科住院的1568例的病史及化验单,筛选出139例血清钾低于正常范围的患者,分析造成低血钾的相关因素。结果精神科住院患者低钾发生情况,在不同性别及年龄上差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而与季节有关(P<0.05)。低血钾发生的相关因素中,饮食不良占69.78%,呕吐腹泻占17.99%,药源性低钾占12.23%。结论饮食不良是精神科住院患者发生低血钾的主要原因,及时发现低血钾早期症状,改善饮食可减少精神科住院患者的并发症,促进其康复。

Objective To learn the occurrence of hypokalemia in inpatients with mental diseases and summarize the ways of reducing it. Methods The medical history and laboratory tests of 1 568 patients in the mental department were referred to with retrospective method. One hundred and thirty nine cases of hypokalemia were screened and the reasons for hypokalemia were analyzed. Results The incidence of hypokalemia in the mental department had no significant relationship with inpatients' sex and age (P > 0.05),while it was correlated with seasons (P < 0.05). Among the risk factors correlated with hypokalemia, poor diet accounted for 69.78%, vomiting and nausea 17.99%, and medicine 12.23%. Conclusions Poor diet is the main reason for hypokalemia. To find out the early symptoms of hypokalemia and improve the diet can reduce the patients' complications and contribute to patients' recovery.[